Automotive Braking Systems Explained: The Key Mechanism Ensuring

Core Functions and Importance of Braking Systems

The automotive braking system serves as the fundamental safety device that ensures driving security. By applying force to the wheels, it enables moving vehicles to decelerate or stop according to the driver's intention, while also maintaining stable parking on slopes. This system not only directly impacts driving safety but also affects the vehicle's average speed and fuel efficiency. Modern vehicles typically feature two independent systems: the foot-operated service brake (foot brake) and the hand-operated parking brake (hand brake).

Essential Components of Braking Systems

A complete braking system consists of five crucial elements:

1. Brakes: Core components that generate braking torque
2. Control mechanisms: Including brake pedals and handbrake levers
3. Transmission systems: Transfer operational force to the brakes
4. Regulation mechanisms: Optimize brake force distribution between front and rear wheels
5. Auxiliary braking systems: Provide additional braking power for special conditions

 Functional Classification of Braking Systems

Based on specific purposes, braking systems divide into four categories:

1. Service brake system: Enables deceleration and stopping while driving
2. Parking brake system: Ensures stationary vehicles remain securely parked
3. Emergency brake system: Provides backup braking when primary brakes fail
4. Auxiliary brake system: Helps maintain stable speed during downhill driving

Classification by Power Source

According to energy source, braking systems categorize as:

1. Manual brake systems: Rely solely on driver's physical strength
2. Power brake systems: Utilize engine-converted pneumatic or hydraulic energy
3. Servo brake systems: Combine human and engine power

 Classification by Transmission Methods

Based on energy transfer methods, systems primarily include:

1. Mechanical type: Transmission through cables and linkages
2. Hydraulic type: Utilizes brake fluid pressure transfer
3. Pneumatic type: Suitable for heavy-duty vehicles
4. Electromagnetic type: Employs electromagnetic principles for braking
5. Combined type: Integrates multiple transmission methods

 Working Principles of Braking Systems

Braking systems operate on the friction principle: fixed elements (brake shoes/pads) create friction with rotating elements (brake drums/discs), converting kinetic energy into heat energy to achieve deceleration or stopping. The braking torque generated in this process acts directly on the wheels.

 Detailed Analysis of the Braking Process

In non-working condition, proper clearance between brake shoes and drums ensures free wheel rotation. When pressing the brake pedal, the push rod moves the master cylinder piston, creating pressure in the brake fluid that transmits through lines to wheel cylinders. Wheel cylinder pistons then push brake shoes against drums, generating braking torque. During brake release, return springs pull the shoes back to their original position, eliminating friction.

Daily Use and Maintenance Guidelines

To maintain optimal braking system performance, regularly inspect brake pad thickness, brake fluid level, and quality. Monitor changes in brake pedal travel to promptly identify potential air ingress or leakage issues. For vehicles equipped with electronic systems like ABS or ESP, seek professional inspection immediately when warning lights appear.

Usage Recommendations for Special Conditions

On long downhill sections, properly use auxiliary braking systems to prevent main brake overheating and failure. After rainy weather driving, gently apply brakes several times to evaporate moisture and restore braking effectiveness. During winter, guard against brake line freezing and always test brake performance after starting the vehicle.

Proper usage and regular maintenance of the braking system are crucial for driving safety. Drivers should thoroughly understand its working principles and develop good driving habits to ensure optimal performance.